ABSTRACT
Background: hepatitis B prevalence can be influenced by social/cultural behavior and the Baby Boomer (BB) generation(1945-1964) may have been more susceptible to this infection. Objectives: We investigated the seroprevalence of markers for HBV infection and vaccination and its association with main risk factors. Methodology: a random sample of individuals aged 30-70 years old in a public clinical laboratory from a metropolitan area of Bahia/Brazil were tested for HBsAg/Total Anti-HBc/Anti-HBs/Anti-HBc-IgM and a socio-demographic questionnaire was applied. Results: of the650 participants, 349 were 51-70 yo (BB) and 301 were non-BB. The prevalences were HBsAg (2.3%), Total Anti-HBc (17.1%) and Anti-HBs (27.4%). Anti-HBcIgM (2.7%) was performed in 112 participants sera who had contact/infection with HBV. The laboratory profiles were characterized as susceptibility (68%), vaccine response (14.8%) and contact/infection with HBV (17.2%). BB participants were more susceptible and less vaccinated than non-BB. The higher frequency of contact/infection status was observed in the BB generation. Statistically significant differences were found for the contact/infection status in males(50,9%) illicit drug use (11,6%), syringe/needle sharing (7,1%), and blood transfusion (10,7%). Non-BB with contact/ infection profile reported more tattoo/piercing and BB reported higher use of glass syringes. Conclusion: the majority of the study population was susceptible to infection but participants older than 50 years showed both, a higher frequency of this profile and also a higher frequency of contact/infection status, thus suggesting the need for greater health care attention for this age group.
Introdução: a prevalência de hepatite B pode ser influenciada pelo comportamento sociocultural e a geração Baby Boomer (BB) (1945-1964) pode ter sido mais suscetível a esta infecção. Objetivos: Investigar a soroprevalência de marcadores para a infecção pelo VHB e resposta vacinal e associação com fatores de risco. Metodologia: soro de indivíduos de 30 a 70 anos randomicamente selecionados em um laboratório publico de análises clínicas na área metropolitana do Brasil foram testados para AgHBs/ Anti-HBc Total /Anti-HBs/Anti-HBc-IgM. Todos responderam questionário sociodemográfico contendo perguntas sobre fatores de risco para hepatite B. Resultados: dos 650 participantes, 349 eram BB (51-70 anos) e 301 eram não-BB (30-50 anos). As prevalências estimadas foram: HBsAg (2,3%), Anti-HBs (27,4%). Entre os Anti-HBc Total (17,1%) apenas 2,7% foram Anti-HBc IgM. Os perfis laboratoriais foram caracterizados como suscetibilidade (68%), resposta vacinal (14,8%) e contato com VHB (17,2%). Na distribuição por idade, os BB foram mais susceptíveis, menos vacinados e apresentaram maior frequência de contato/infecção que os não-BB. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas no status contato/infecção e as seguintes variáveis: sexo masculino, uso de drogas ilícitas, compartilhamento de seringas de vidro/agulhas e transfusão de sangue. Não-BB com status contato/infecção relataram ter mais tatuagem/piercing e BB relataram maior uso de seringas de vidro. Conclusão: a maioria da população estudada era suscetível ao VHB, mas os participantes com mais de 50 anos apresentaram tanto uma maior frequência desse status quanto do status contato/ infecção, sugerindo a necessidade de maior atenção à saúde para indivíduos desta faixa etária.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis BABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasmosis is an asymptomatic disease that can lead to systemic disease in the fetus of pregnant women with primary infection. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis, associated factors, and correlation between the serology of pregnant women and their pets, in the municipality of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 196 pregnant women and their cats or dogs (n=89). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and serum samples from the pregnant women were tested to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, and avidity tests were performed for IgM-positive samples. The serum collected from pets were tested for IgG antibodies, and IgM antibodies in cats. A non-conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to identify infection-associated factors. RESULTS: IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 67.9% (133/196) and 1.5% (3/196) samples, respectively, for women with an avidity of over 60%. Age ≥ 25 and the presence of cats in the vicinity were found to be associated with infection, while the level of education and previous orientation toward prevention of toxoplasmosis were protective factors in pregnant women. IgG antibodies were detected in 46.1% (41/89) of the animals, and cats were found to be negative for IgM. For the animals, age ≥ 1 year was a factor associated with infection. There was no correlation between serology of the pregnant women and the animals (p=0.15). CONCLUSIONS: An elevated prevalence of toxoplasmosis was detected in the region. Therefore, the adoption of preventive measures by public healthcare bodies is recommended.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Cats , Toxoplasma/immunology , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/etiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/etiologyABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência de infecção do trato respiratório inferior (ITRI) por Chlamydia trachomatis em lactentes internados e descrever as características clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas da doença. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo do tipo corte transversal, realizado durante um período de 12 meses. Foram incluídos todos os lactentes de até 6 meses internados consecutivamente no Centro Pediátrico Professor Hosannah de Oliveira da Universidade Federal da Bahia, em Salvador, BA, com diagnóstico clínico ou clínico-radiológico de ITRI. O diagnóstico de infecção por C. trachomatis foi realizado através da pesquisa de anticorpos da classe IgM, utilizando-se o ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). A prevalência de ITRI por C. trachomatis foi determinada, e foram calculadas as razões de prevalência para essa infecção e variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais. RESULTADOS: Cento e cinquenta e um lactentes realizaram sorologia para C. trachomatis, das quais 15 (9,9%) foram positivas. A infecção por C. trachomatis ocorreu unicamente entre os menores de 5 meses, principalmente naqueles menores de 2 meses. Três crianças com infecção por C. trachomatis nasceram de parto cesáreo. Conjuntivite e eosinofilia ocorreram em 33,3% dos casos. As radiografias de tórax se mostraram alteradas em 92% dos casos. Demonstrou-se associação da infecção por C. trachomatis com duração de internação superior a 15 dias (p = 0,0398) e com oxigenoterapia (p = 0,0484). CONCLUSÕES: Houve alta prevalência de ITRI por C. trachomatis na população estudada. A infecção por esta bactéria foi associada a uma forma mais grave da doença, demonstrando a importância de se investigar essa infecção na gestante de forma a evitar o adoecimento de recém-nascidos.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) due to Chlamydia trachomatis in newborn infants and to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of the disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out over a 12-month period. All infants up to 6 months of age admitted consecutively at the Centro Pediátrico Professor Hosannah de Oliveira of the Universidade Federal da Bahia in Salvador, Brazil, and diagnosed with LRTI according to clinical and/or radiological criteria were included in the study. C. trachomatis infection was diagnosed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgM-class antibodies. The prevalence of LRTI by C. trachomatis was determined and the prevalence ratios for the infection and clinical or laboratory variables were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one infants were submitted to serology for C. trachomatis and 15 (9.9%) tested positive. Chlamydial infection was found only in infants under 5 months of age, mainly in those aged under 2 months. Three of the infants with C. trachomatis infection were born by cesarean section. Conjunctivitis and eosinophilia had occurred in 33.3% of the cases. Chest X rays were abnormal in 92.0% of cases. There was an association between C. trachomatis infection and the duration of hospitalization exceeding 15 days (p = 0.0398) and oxygen therapy (p = 0.0484). CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of C. trachomatis respiratory infection in the population studied. The infection was associated with a more severe form of the disease, emphasizing the importance of testing pregnant women for this infection to avoid infection in the newborn infant.